Mechanism of heat-clearing prescriptions in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus:a review / 中国中药杂志

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), a common chronic metabolic disease, is often accompanied by internal heat syndrome. Heat-clearing prescriptions are widely used to treat different heat syndromes of T2DM from the aspects of clearing stagnant heat, excess heat, damp heat, phlegm heat, and heat toxin, demonstrating remarkable effects. The mechanism of blood sugar-lowering agents has always been a hotspot of research. Recently, the basic studies of heat-clearing prescriptions from different perspectives have been increasing year by year. To clarify the mechanisms of heat-clearing prescriptions and find specific mechanisms, we systematically reviewed the basic studies of heat-clearing prescriptions commonly used for the treatment of T2DM in the past decade, intending to provide a reference for related research.

Effect of Bletillae Rhizoma Polysaccharide on PI3K/Akt in Gastric Tissue of GU Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effect of Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide on the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) gene protein and its mediated cytokines interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in gastric tissue of rats with gastric ulcer (GU). Method::Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group.The GU model was replicated by direct acetic acid cauterization in model group.The GU model rats were randomly divided into five groups: model group, positive control group, and large, medium and small-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide groups, with 10 rats in each group.Rats in blank group and GU model group were given 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 distilled water by gavage, rats in large, medium and small-dose groups were given 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 g·kg-1·d-1 Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide by gavage, while rats in positive control group were given 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1 ranitidine by gavage for 15 days.Serum nitric oxide (NO) content, pepsinase activity and cytokines IL-2R and IL-4 levels in rats of each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PI3K and Akt mRNA expressions were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and PI3K and Akt protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Result::Compared with the blank group, the contents and gene expressions of cytokines IL-2R and IL-4 in gastric tissue were significantly increased, and the PI3K and Akt genes and protein expressions were significantly increased, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Compared with GU model group, the content and gene expressions of IL-2R and IL-4 in large, medium and small-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide groups were decreased significantly, and the PI3K and Akt gene and protein expressions were decreased significantly in large-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide group, while those in large and medium-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide groups were decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide can protect gastric mucosa by down-regulating PI3K and Akt gene and protein expressions and inhibiting abnormal secretion of cytokines IL-2R and IL-4.